1/13/2024 0 Comments Glass spectra bottlesLight the Bunsen and adjust it to give a non-luminous, roaring flame (air hole open).Barium chloride is toxic but gives a different colour (refer to CLEAPSS Hazcard HC010b), while calcium chloride (Irritant) and strontium chloride (Irritant) are different again (refer to CLEAPSS Hazcard HC047b). those of calcium and barium) can also be used provided an appropriate risk assessment is carried out. These two are in fact a little more volatile than the chloride, and potassium iodide is certainly likely to be available. As a general rule, chlorides are usually suggested as they tend to be more volatile and more readily available. Potassium iodide and lithium iodide can be used instead.They can be stored in the plastic bottles for several weeks at least without apparent deterioration of the bottles. The solutions can be retained for future use. Place each solution in a spray bottle and label the bottle. To do this, add the salt to the ethanol in small quantities, with stirring, until no more will dissolve – often only a few mg of salt will be needed. Make a saturated solution of each salt in about 10 cm 3 ethanol. The chlorides of metals are the best but other salts also work.Ideally, one bottle is needed for each metal salt. Never use spray bottles with a rubber bulb - the flame may flash back into the container. These piston-operated spray bottles should be emptied, cleaned thoroughly and finally rinsed with distilled water.Spray bottles of the type used for products such as window cleaner should be used.Do NOT be tempted to use the more toxic and volatile methanol in place of ethanol. IDA (industrial denatured alcohol) is Highly flammable, Harmful. Copper sulfate is Harmful, Danger to the environment.Ensure that the spray can be safely directed away from yourself and the audience. Carry out the whole experiment in a well-ventilated area you have previously shown to be safe.Read our standard health & safety guidance.Ethanol (Highly flammable), approx 10 cm 3 for each metal salt, or IDA (industrial denatured alcohol) (Highly flammable, Harmful).Copper sulfate (Harmful, Danger to the environment).Lithium chloride (Harmful) (see note 3).Potassium chloride (Low hazard) (see note 3).Samples of the following metal salts (no more than 1 g of each) (see note 2):.Hand-held spectroscopes or diffraction gratings (optional).Preparation includes making up the spray bottles and conducting a risk assessment. Your employer’s risk assessment must be customised by determining where to spray the flame to guarantee the audience’s safety. It takes about ten minutes if all is prepared in advance. This experiment must be done as a demonstration. It can be extended as an introduction to atomic spectra for post-16 students. This is a spectacular version of the ‘flame tests’ experiment that can be used with chemists and non-chemists alike. This demonstration experiment can be used to show the flame colours given by alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and other metal, salts. RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme.Introductory maths for higher education.The physics of restoration and conservation.The photoprotection of aqueous solution of riboflavin as a model compound in these bottles has been studied and its shelf-lives and stability ratio were determined. The light protective efficacy of bottles was in the order: Semi-opaque plastic (LDPE) > amber plastic (PVC) > amber glass. The leaching of any coloring agents from glass bottles or the pigments from plastic bottles into the solution during storage appeared to increase the transmission of light which could be detrimental to photosensitive drugs in a formulation. The drug filled bottles showed an increase in light transmission probably as a result of interaction between drug and bottle components. For an average thickness, the transmission of bottles was not uniform indicated the effect of manufacturing variables on the transmission of light. The variations in thickness affect the amount of light transmitted through the bottles. In the present study the transmission characteristics of transparent glass bottle, amber glass bottle, polyvinyl chloride amber plastic bottle (PVC) and low density polyethylene semi-opaque plastic bottles (LDPE) (empty and drug filled) have been evaluated and the data compared for compliance with Pharmacopoeial limits of percentage transmission. The light sensitive pharmaceutical dosage forms are well protected from light by packing in light protective bottles especially the colored glass and plastic bottles.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |